حسن شیرعلی

Abstract

Al-Fa?ra?bi? and Avicenna, as two pioneers of Islamic philosophy, have spoken in many philosophical fields and many commentaries have been written on their works. But in the collection of works that have reached us from these two authors, there is no independent and comprehensive work on ethics. Researchers have also studied other aspects of their views and less attention has been paid to their moral views. Because in many cases, theoretical and philosophical ethics in the Islamic world have been considered to be influenced by Greek philosophy, and moral issues, which are specific to the Islamic world, have been considered to be issues arising from Islamic Kala?m and also religious issues. The present research shows that, firstly, al-Fa?ra?bi? and Avicenna have a philosophical system of thought in theoretical and philosophical ethics. Secondly, their views are not purely subject to the views of Aristotle and the Greek tradition, but follow an independent path, and despite the fact that in some contexts, especially in the use of the general concepts of happiness and virtue, they start from the point where Aristotle started, but later in Explaining the final end, theoretical perfection, pleasure and human function and how he achieves happiness and combining these concepts with themes and concepts of ontology, cosmology and psychology, take a completely different path. Thirdly, although some themes used in the opinions of al-Fa?ra?bi? and Avicenna are influenced by their religious approach and they try to explain the religious point of view philosophically, this has not caused the discussion of ethics, from the point of view of these two great authors of the Islamic world, to be devoid of a rational approach. In this regard, in this research, the part of happiness from the book The eudaimonist ethics of al-Fa?ra?bi? and Avicenna, written by Janne Mattila, has been translated and an introduction, some explanations and a dictionary have been added to it. This book claims to be the first coherent monograph in a comprehensive review of al-Fa?ra?bi?'s and Avicenna's moral opinions together and comparing the moral opinions of these two authors with Aristotle and the Greek tradition.

Key words: eudaimonist ethics, Avicenna, al-Fa?ra?bi?, Aristotle, psychology, final end.