ناهید سوختانلو

  The discussion about the existence and nature and the relationship between them is one of the fundamental topics of philosophy, and from various aspects, images of this relationship can be shown in the form of natural, logical, and philosophical distinctions. Distinction means the lack of objectivity of existence and nature, in the sense that these two are neither the same nor a part of each other,and also the addition of existence over nature means that existence is an accessory to nature, not which is inherent . As a result, existence is distinct from nature. In these cases, the word common distinction is literal And each of them refers to a specific meaning ، Despite this, in the history of philosophy, there has been confusion between these meanings many times. The original and original origin of the discussion of distinction begins with Farabi and is expanded by Ibn Sina. Some attribute the discussion of distinction to Western philosophers and some attribute the origin of the discussion to Aristotle, but this is the opposite of the truth because Aristotle's ontological system was based on essence and did not pay attention to the difference between existence and nature. One of the innovations of Farabi and Islamic philosophy (Ibn Sina) is the theory of distinguishing existence from nature. This view was possible only in the light of understanding the meaning of truth. Islamic philosophers, especially Al-Farabi and Avicenna, tried to understand existence differently from Aristotle and to not reduce the question of existence to the question of what an object is. Farabi is the first person who discussed the distinction between existence and nature as the difference between existence and Available in the Book of Letters, and then in the theory of grace, he raised the issue of philosophical distinction by dividing existence into obligatory and possible and analyzing the reality of possibilities into existence and essence. He also mentions the example of human beings with the title that existence and nature are neither the same nor a part of each other but different from each other, pointing to the difference between existence and nature. After Farabi, Ibn Sina discussed the distinction between existence and nature in a more systematic way. One of the most important of them is the example of a triangle, which says that the nature and existence of a triangle are neither the same nor a part of each other. It can be considered as an example i  ired by the Human example Farabi. He also points out the difference between existence and nature by proposing the necessary and possible existence and the system of creation in the world. And then Ibn Sina made this discussion the basis of his metaphysics and started extracting its philosophical content in different fields. Some people have added forms to the existential distinction of being from nature and the prosody of existence from the nature of have criticized . Among those philosophers is Suhrawardi. Also, one of those who raised problems regarding the distinction between nature and existence is Ibn Rushd.She accused Ibn Sina of misunderstanding and heresy regarding the relationship between existence and nature and the presentation of existence over nature.And she thought that Ibn Sina confused the different meanings of existence and unity and fell into the fallacy of verbal sharing. While in fact, Ibn Rushd herself did not understand the meaning of transversal existence from Ibn Sina's point of view. Plotinus and Boethius are among the other philosophers who attribute the distinction between existence and essence to them. Plotinus with the theme (the one) or ahad and Boethius refer to the problem of distinction with the scheme of general and particular existence. . But what is important is that the issue of distinction in Neoplatonic philosophy is not the distinction raised in the philosophy of Farabi and Ibn Sina